Plano-convex cylindrical lenses feature a single plano and single convex cylindrical surface, while their focal length is positive. These lenses operate only in one dimension rather than two, compared to plano-convex spherical lenses. Plano Convex Cylindrical Lens,Meniscus Lens,Optic Lens,Cylinder Lens Changchun Realpoo Photoelectric Co., Ltd. , https://www.optics-realpoo.com
Plano convex cylindrical lenses are utilized to compress light in 1 axis. In order to generate a line image from a point of light and to change the aspect ratio of an image, a positive (convex) Cylindrical Lens is used. It is also applied to focus collimated input light to a line. Plano convex cylindrical lenses are normally used for line detector arrays, anamorphic beam shaping, laser projection, laser line focusing, and illumination of slit.
China's power battery pattern: 70% or will dominate the $240 billion global battery industry
In the rapidly evolving electric vehicle (EV) industry, many people may assume they have a solid understanding of the major players. However, when asked to name key power battery suppliers, most can only list a few well-known names—like Panasonic from Japan, Samsung from South Korea, LG Chem, Tesla, and perhaps BYD, China’s leading EV manufacturer.
But if given a broader list, it might come as a surprise that China alone has over 140 battery manufacturers actively expanding their production capacities. This is in anticipation of a massive $240 billion market opportunity over the next two decades. Just as the automotive industry once drove economic growth, electric vehicles and their batteries are now set to become a dominant force in China, potentially reshaping the global battery landscape.
According to research by Bernstein Automotive, electric vehicles are expected to make up 40% of global car sales within the next 20 years. With current annual auto production at around 100 million units globally, this translates to about 40 million EVs per year. If we assume a typical battery cost similar to that of an internal combustion engine—around $6,000—the battery industry could be worth $240 billion in the future.
China has been aggressively pushing for cleaner energy and is making significant strides in both electric vehicle and battery development. To meet growing demand, global battery production capacity must expand dramatically. This has led to a surge in activity among Chinese battery manufacturers, with companies like Tesla and Panasonic engaging in what some call a "battery arms race."
China's battery production is growing at an unprecedented rate, with its share of the global market expected to surpass 70% by 2020. The rapid expansion of the domestic EV market, combined with local automakers' preference for homegrown components, has created strong momentum for Chinese battery makers. According to a 2017 report by Roland Berger, more than 90% of lithium-ion batteries used in Chinese-branded electric vehicles are domestically produced.
To ensure long-term dominance, the Chinese government is considering setting minimum production standards for battery manufacturers. It aims to encourage consolidation and support only those companies capable of producing at least 3–5 GWh annually. A draft guideline issued in late 2016 required battery producers to have at least 8 GWh of capacity to qualify for funding, signaling a shift toward supporting only the most capable players.
While Panasonic remains the world’s largest EV battery supplier, Chinese companies are quickly catching up. Shenzhen-based BYD, for example, produced nearly 500,000 vehicles and buses in 2016, including about 100,000 electric or plug-in hybrid models. Its vertical integration strategy has helped it achieve a battery production capacity of 20 GWh, making it the largest battery producer in China. Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway invested $230 million in BYD in 2008, acquiring a 10% stake, and the company is now valued at $16.9 billion.
Another major player is CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited), founded in 2011 and based in Ningde, Fujian. Specializing in lithium-ion batteries and energy storage systems, CATL has manufacturing facilities in Qinghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. With a current capacity of 7.7 GWh, the company plans to reach 50 GWh by 2020. Like BYD, CATL is also a key focus of government support.
The Chinese battery market is dominated by large players such as BYD, CATL, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, and others. In 2016, seven of the top ten global power battery companies were Chinese, including BYD, CATL, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, Lishen, BAK, and AVIC Lithium. Additionally, Wanxiang A123 and Harbin Optics ranked 11th and 12th respectively.
Lishen, for instance, operates production bases in multiple cities across China and aims to reach 20 GWh of battery capacity by 2020. Wanxiang, one of China’s largest private companies, has made several strategic acquisitions, including A123 Systems and Fisker Automotive.
As the electric vehicle revolution continues, each battery pack installed in a vehicle effectively replaces an internal combustion engine. While this shift brings massive growth to the battery industry, it also poses challenges for traditional engine and component manufacturers, who may face declining demand and outdated production capacities.