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"Technical Communication" ALPD Technology - Let Laser Projection Television Enter the Home of Common People
Before the launch of the Mi laser projection TV, priced at 9,999 yuan, it created quite a stir in the industry. This laser projection TV employs ALPD technology, making it one of the more expensive products from Xiaomi thus far, yet it remains the most affordable laser projection TV available.
So, what exactly is ALPD and how does it differ from other projection technologies?
ALPD stands for "Advanced Laser Phosphor Display," which is an advanced laser fluorescence display technology. It uses a GaN-based blue laser to excite a fluorescent material, generating one or more primary colors for image display, and is considered the most crucial core technology for high-brightness image display.
Traditional image display devices rely on high-brightness bulb sources like HID lights, but these bulbs have drawbacks such as short lifespans, low efficiency, and toxic materials. Since the advent of LEDs, due to their high efficiency and longevity, they’ve quickly found applications in image display devices like televisions. Despite advancements in LED technology, which can offer greater luminous flux, their brightness cannot meet high-brightness display needs, falling short compared to traditional high-brightness bulbs like mercury lamps in conventional projectors.
Lasers, on the other hand, possess excellent directionality. Their laser spots can be focused into tiny points (as small as a few microns in diameter). Not only are they 100 to 1,000 times brighter than LEDs, but they also outshine traditional high-brightness helium lights significantly. However, their high costs, low electro-optical conversion efficiency, and reliability issues have constrained their widespread use in the display field.
ALPD fluorescence laser technology retains the inherent high brightness advantages of traditional lasers while adopting a basic technology route similar to mainstream LED illumination and display—blue light plus fluorescent materials. By innovatively introducing remote rotating fluorescent devices, it cleverly addresses the fluorescence thermal quenching issue, maintaining high conversion efficiency even under high-density laser excitation.
At the same time, the use of GaN blue lasers and YAG and nitride fluorescent materials effectively extends the advantages of LED’s high reliability and long life. The ALPDTM laser source combines the strengths of traditional lasers and LEDs while mitigating their weaknesses, marking a disruptive new type of light source and a significant breakthrough in lighting technology history.
Compared to traditional ALPD technology, three-primary RGB three-chip DLP and LCD projection systems, the color performance is still unsatisfactory. The four-segment color wheel technology, commonly used to enhance brightness, has become an obstacle for ALPD products to truly enter the "high-end color" application market. How to maximize the efficiency of DLP optical systems, enhance the color accuracy advantages of lasers, and maintain the economic reliability of ALPD are all challenges that ALPD3.0 technology aims to address.
The "red laser + red phosphor" red light scheme, combined with the RGB three-segment color wheel system, achieves ALPD3.0 CLO brightness and nominal brightness, increasing the red light energy ratio to over 20%. It effectively solves the problem of simply increasing speckle noise and chroma consistency caused by the red laser.
New red lasers, uniquely designed red phosphor formulas, RGB three-segment color wheels, coaxial RGB three-segment filters, fully fluorescent-converted speckle-free, and high color width—these technologies together ensure that ALPD3.0 has become one of the best color laser display solutions ever. The technology remains highly adaptable to the monolithic DLP projection system and maintains the economic features of the entire product solution. It is a high-efficiency, high-color laser display solution that can be widely used at this stage. Additionally, the high red light ratio of this solution makes it the only compact laser display solution that can efficiently adapt the three-chip projection system, greatly expanding the application of the laser fluorescence technology system.
ALPD3.0 improves the color effect of laser displays and further enhances the brightness performance of ALPD technology products.
The World's Largest Laser Display Technology
Up to now, there are three main categories of laser display light sources: three-primary color lasers (RGB), phosphor lasers (ALPD), and laser hybrid light sources (laser and LED hybrids). Each type of light source has its own advantages and disadvantages. Below, let's compare the three for your reference.
Trichromatic Pure Laser (RGB)
Three-color pure laser is considered the most orthodox laser light source in the industry. It has a wide color gamut, high luminous efficiency, long life, low power consumption, good consistency, adjustable color temperature brightness, stability, safety and reliability, maintenance-free, flexible application, and other advantages.
Solid-state laser stage and semiconductor laser stage are the two technological processes that trichromatic pure laser light sources have undergone.
Semiconductor-pumped frequency-doubled lasers are solid-state laser light sources composed of a semiconductor laser (pump source), a laser crystal, a frequency-doubling crystal, and an output cavity mirror, with a complex laser generation process, a complicated structure, a complicated production process, poor stability, poor reliability, and other characteristics. Semiconductor-pumped frequency-doubled lasers have a single central wavelength, their spectral width is within 3nm, and they are single-mode light sources, which greatly contribute to the generation of laser speckles, and the speckle particles are very large, making the speckle dispersion process very complex.
Semiconductor laser light sources are miniature lasers developed based on semiconductor chip preparation technology, similar to the production process of LED chips, with a simple structure, small size, stable power, high reliability, and long service life.
Phosphors (ALPD)
ALPD laser source technology overcomes the fundamental technical difficulties of laser display in terms of cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and reliability. The ALPD laser light source has the following features:
The color is purer and closer to the international standard color gamut;
Long life: ≥60,000 hours, 10 times longer than UHP lamps (high-pressure gas arc discharge lamps), twice as long as existing laser sources;
High safety and reliability: no need to eliminate coherence, safe for the human eye, and no risk of explosion.
Laser+LED Hybrid Light Source
During the transition from LED light sources to laser light source technology, a hybrid technology emerged. The laser + LED new light source combines the characteristics of long life and wide color gamut of these two types of light sources. It achieves high brightness and is more environmentally friendly. At this stage, it is mainly used in business and education.
The laser+LED hybrid light source technology uses red (high-brightness red LED), green (blue laser light converted to green by phosphor), and blue (blue laser light) three colors, which can be projected by the DLP chip without using a high-pressure mercury lamp. High brightness projection. One of the biggest advantages over traditional projection light bulbs is their long life.
In addition, it is worth noting that there is a dispute between laser and LED in the display industry. Because the luminescence with low brightness has not been resolved, LED light source devices may not have a place to survive. Judging from the development trend of the industry, the best light source for the current market is no less than a laser light source. Although LED was once considered a "next-generation" light source, it is difficult to achieve high brightness, so its prospects are worrying. After the introduction of the three-primary pure laser technology, LED light sources have been "abandoned" by some manufacturers.
Two-color laser projectors have also been released by some domestic manufacturers in recent years. Two-color laser projectors are based on blue laser fluorescent color wheel technology and add a red laser, which can bring the laser projection to a larger color gamut coverage, better color appearance, and richer red details. Of course, the models I've seen are still products of "compromise." Because the red laser, the product is still not using the best quality solution, it can only increase the overall light source luminous efficiency by 9%, and the color gamut effect of the two-color laser light source is still a certain distance from the three-primary color laser.
In summary, ALPD technology innovatively solves the market problem of laser display technology. At the same time, ALPD technology can also effectively reduce energy consumption in terms of energy saving and environmental protection. The power consumption of a 100-inch "screening" laser TV is about 200 watts, and the power consumption is only 20% to 30% of the same size LED LCD TV, much lower than the 400-watt power consumption of other laser TV brands.
After 10 years of R&D process, ALPD laser phosphor technology can also be described as thick and thin, and its innovation speed is like opening the plug-in mode. Each breakthrough can bring us surprises, especially ALPD 3.0 technology, allowing more domestic companies to walk in the forefront, allowing the world to see our technological strength.
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