This paper presents the design of a basic calculator system using the AT89S52 microcontroller. The primary functions of this calculator include: (1) It is capable of displaying at least 8 digits accurately on the screen. (2) When the calculator is turned on, it initially displays '0'. After the first key press, it shows 'D1'; after the second key press, it displays 'D1D2', and so on. (3) The calculator can perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on integers. For division, it automatically truncates the fractional part to provide an integer result. (4) In cases where the calculation result exceeds the display capacity, an error message will be shown to alert the user. The calculator is built around the AT89S52 microcontroller, which serves as the central processing unit. It reads input from the keyboard through a scanning process, performs the required calculations, and sends the results to the display module for visual output. The system consists of several key components: a power supply circuit, the main control circuit based on the AT89S52 microcontroller, a keyboard input circuit, a display interface, and a reset circuit. The block diagram of the entire system is illustrated below. Simple calculator system block diagram based on AT89S52 microcontroller Circuit schematic of the simple calculator based on the AT89S52 microcontroller As this project mainly involves algorithm implementation, the code is written in C language. The main function initializes the microcontroller and continuously calls the key scanning and calculation functions. The display update is handled via a 1ms timer interrupt to ensure real-time updates. The flowchart of the program is shown below. Flowchart of the simple calculator program based on the AT89S52 MCU #include <reg52.h> #define LEDS 8 /** Button scan function **/ char keyscan(); /** Display function **/ void display(); char dsp[9] = {0, 0, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12}; // Initialize display buffer /** Calculation function **/ void calculate(char k, char c1[8], char c2[8]);
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