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What is the working principle of the thyristor?
The thyristor operates based on a specific set of principles that govern its switching behavior. Here's a detailed explanation of how it works:
First, when a forward voltage is applied across the anode and cathode of the thyristor, and a positive voltage is also applied to the gate relative to the anode, the device will switch into the conducting state. This initial triggering allows current to flow from the anode to the cathode.
Once the thyristor is turned on, it remains in the conducting state even if the gate signal is removed. This is because the thyristor has a latching characteristic—once it starts conducting, the gate loses control over the device. The current through the thyristor continues to flow as long as it stays above a certain minimum level known as the holding current.
To turn the thyristor off and return it to the blocking state, one of three actions must be taken. The first is to disconnect the power supply connected to the anode. The second is to apply a reverse voltage between the anode and cathode, which forces the device to stop conducting. The third option is to reduce the current flowing through the thyristor below the holding current, which causes it to automatically turn off.
This unique behavior makes thyristors useful in applications such as AC power control, motor speed regulation, and rectification circuits, where controlled switching of high-power loads is required. Understanding these operational principles is essential for effectively using thyristors in electronic systems.