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Smart Manufacturing Creates Talent Needs for “Smart Modelingâ€
At present, the development of smart manufacturing, along with planning, standardization, and demonstration projects, has gradually been implemented and promoted. Resources and funding have also been concentrated in key areas of smart manufacturing. However, the country still lacks a comprehensive talent development and growth plan specifically tailored for smart manufacturing. There is no clear top-level design for an "intellectual modeling" talent strategy, which emphasizes the crucial human resources and intellectual factors that support smart manufacturing. This lack of soft power development has created a talent shortage, which, to some extent, hinders the long-term progress of national smart manufacturing.
Smart manufacturing has created a massive demand for "intellectual modeling" talents, and the market outlook is very promising. With the rise of new technologies such as Industry 4.0 in Germany, the Industrial Internet in the U.S., and artificial intelligence, the return of manufacturing, the emergence of intelligent manufacturing, and the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have opened a new chapter in global industrial history. Technologies like AI, 3D printing, quantum communication, knowledge evolution, and machine learning are transforming traditional manufacturing models. China’s "Made in China 2025" outlines a three-step strategy and sets ten key areas for development over the next 10 to 30 years. "Intellectual modeling" talents—scientists, engineers, technical elites, and skilled workers—are expected to see rapid growth. According to the National Science and Engineering Indicators 2016 report, China ranked first in engineering graduates in 2012, accounting for 38.1% of the global total. In 2016 alone, over 1.19 million engineering graduates were produced, with around 8,000 undergraduate majors related to the key areas of "Made in China 2025," making up 50% of all engineering majors. This shows a solid foundation for smart manufacturing talent development.
However, structural contradictions in talent supply remain significant, and urgent solutions are needed. "Intellectual modeling" talents are a new type of professional who meet the needs of smart manufacturing, combining information technology with manufacturing expertise. Their training requires a different approach compared to traditional manufacturing talent. China's industrial education was initially modeled after the Soviet system, producing a large number of professionals. Later, it adopted American general education principles, focusing on overall quality improvement. Since the 21st century, interdisciplinary education has become more common, emphasizing broad foundations and complex skill sets. But under the challenge of smart manufacturing, traditional models can no longer keep up. Rapid knowledge updates, emerging information technologies, and the transformation of manufacturing require talents with capabilities far beyond those of traditional scientists, engineers, and technicians. The current issues—such as a lack of innovation spirit, weak engineering education, and low employment rates among graduates—highlight the existing structural imbalances in talent supply, which must be addressed urgently.
Engineering education also lags behind the transformation of the manufacturing industry, and reform is desperately needed. China's engineering education has evolved alongside its industrialization process. Advances in sectors like machinery, shipbuilding, aerospace, high-speed rail, and automobiles have been supported by a growing and improving workforce. However, today’s education faces challenges such as overemphasis on theory, insufficient practical training, and a disconnect between higher education and real-world engineering. To address these issues, the government has launched initiatives like the Excellence Program, industry-academia collaboration, CDIO, and professional certification. In response to smart manufacturing, Germany’s Industry 4.0 introduced “Talent Training and Cases†in 2017, promoting new concepts like capability development and factory learning.
To meet the challenges of the new industrial revolution, China urgently needs to develop a "smart shaping" talent support plan. This includes aligning the "13th Five-Year Plan" and mid- to long-term talent strategies with "Made in China 2025." Supporting major talent development projects, vocational training programs for skilled workers, and integrating education reforms with higher education initiatives will be essential. Policies such as funding, project support, and tax incentives should be provided to promote the close integration of schools and enterprises. By implementing these measures, China can take the lead in the new industrial revolution and ensure a strong human resource foundation for future development.