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Smart Manufacturing Creates Talent Needs for “Smart Modelingâ€
At present, the development of smart manufacturing, along with planning, standardization, and demonstration projects, has been gradually implemented and promoted. Resources and funding have also been concentrated in key areas of smart manufacturing. However, there is still a lack of comprehensive talent development and growth strategies specifically tailored for smart manufacturing. The top-level design for cultivating "intellectual modeling" talents is insufficient, which places significant emphasis on human resources and intellectual capital but lacks the necessary soft power development. This shortage, to some extent, hinders the long-term growth of the national smart manufacturing industry.
Smart manufacturing has created a massive demand for "intellectual modeling" talents, and the market outlook is highly promising. With the rise of new technologies such as German Industry 4.0, American Industrial Internet, and artificial intelligence, the return of manufacturing, the emergence of intelligent manufacturing, and the arrival of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, global industrial manufacturing has entered a new era. Advanced technologies like AI, 3D printing, quantum communication, knowledge evolution, and machine learning are reshaping traditional manufacturing models. China's "Made in China 2025" outlines a three-step strategy, setting ten key areas and goals for the next 10 to 30 years. As a result, "intellectual modeling" talents—such as scientists, engineers, technical elites, and skilled workers—are becoming central to this transformation. According to the National Science Council’s 2016 report, China ranked first globally in engineering graduates in 2012, accounting for 38.1%. In 2016 alone, over 1.19 million engineering graduates were produced. Additionally, about 8,000 undergraduate programs relate to the top ten key areas of "Made in China 2025," making up 50% of all engineering majors. This provides a solid foundation for the development of smart manufacturing talent.
Despite this, structural contradictions in talent supply remain prominent, and issues in training and growth need urgent attention. "Intellectual modeling" talents are a new type of professional that combines information technology with manufacturing. Their training requires a different approach compared to traditional manufacturing talent models. China's traditional industrial education was based on the Soviet model, producing a large number of industry professionals. Later, it adopted American general education principles, focusing on overall quality improvement. Since the 21st century, interdisciplinary approaches and broader educational frameworks have become more common, emphasizing innovation. However, under the pressure of the new industrial revolution, traditional talent cultivation models can no longer meet the needs of smart manufacturing. The rapid pace of technological change, the emergence of new information systems, and the increasing sophistication of intelligent manufacturing have raised the bar for these talents. The current problems—such as a lack of practical skills, weak engineering education, and low employment rates among graduates—highlight the existing structural imbalances in talent supply, which must be addressed urgently.
Moreover, engineering education is struggling to keep up with the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing sector. Educational reform is needed to adapt to these changes. Engineering education in China has always been closely tied to the country's industrialization process. The achievements in industries like machinery, shipbuilding, aviation, aerospace, hydropower, high-speed rail, automobiles, and home appliances have been supported by a growing and improving workforce. However, today, engineering education faces new challenges. There are still gaps in balancing theory and practice, research and application, and university education often becomes too homogenized, leading to a disconnect between higher education and real-world engineering practices. To address these issues, the government has introduced initiatives like excellence programs, industry-academia collaboration, CDIO, and professional certification. In response to smart manufacturing, Germany launched its "Talent Training and Cases" initiative in 2017, introducing concepts like new capability development and factory-based learning to tackle talent shortages.
In light of these challenges, China urgently needs to develop a "smart shaping" talent support plan to drive the transformation and upgrading of personnel training, especially in engineering education. For instance, aligning the "13th Five-Year Plan" and mid- to long-term talent development plans with "Made in China 2025" would help support major talent projects in smart manufacturing. Vocational training programs for skilled workers should also be expanded. Education reforms should focus on breakthroughs, and policies such as financial support, project funding, and tax incentives should be introduced to promote close collaboration between schools and enterprises. By implementing these measures, China can take the lead in the new industrial revolution, ensuring sufficient human resource reserves for future development.