The installation and construction of building electrical involves a number of technical and management fields. Due to its complexity and technicality, problems are inevitable. Therefore, in actual operation, construction should be strictly carried out according to its construction technical requirements and operating procedures, paying attention to some common quality problems, timely understanding and mastering new technologies, new processes and new products of electrical professional to improve the overall installation level and ensure Safe production and improve project quality. First, the main problems in building electrical installation Backed by a hard-working team of experts, we have been able to manufacture and supply Rubber Diaphragm that is offered in varied sizes & dimensions in order to meet the specific needs of our patrons. In addition to this, the provided diaphragm offers excellent resistant to temperature, easy installation and long life. Diaphragm Chamber,Diaphragm Pump Parts,Pneumatic Diaphragm Pump,Brake Chamber Diaphragm Shenyang Zhicheng Heavy Machinery Manufacturing Co., Ltd. , https://www.zhichengmachinery.com
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Analysis of problems encountered in electrical installation and solutions
(1) Route laying
1. Regular cracks appear in the dark place of the pipeline;
2. At the end of the metal pipe, make a jumper to the grounding wire or weld the grounding wire regardless of the material;
3, the pipe through the structural expansion joints and settlement joints do not have a road box, leaving F unsafe hidden dangers;
4. The galvanized pipe is directly welded by casing, and the casing is connected to a small prison;
5, Ming and dark pipes into the box into the box is not straight, squeezed into a bundle, the length of the outcrop is not suitable. The steel pipe is not threaded, and the PVC pipe has no locking "Nazi";
6. The metal hose is detached and is not grounded.
(2) Cable and busbar installation
1. After the cable is installed, there is no unified listing, and the cable is laid in the cable trench;
2. The cable is not tightly sealed after passing through the household pipe;
3. In the shaft, the cable hole is not tightly sealed, and the bracket for vertically fixing the cable is too small, too soft, and inclined downward;
4. The lap joint surface of the busbar is treated according to the specifications. For example, when the copper and aluminum are connected in a wet place, the copper conductor is not tinned, or the copper conductor is tinned, but the copper-aluminum transition plate is not connected with the pin conductor. After a period of power on, it is prone to accidents.
(3) The distribution box, junction box and ceiling fan hook are buried
1. The distribution box, junction box and hook are not set according to the figure, the coordinate offset is obvious, the row of lamp position and the ceiling fan hook box have large deviation;
2. The cast-in-place concrete wall surface, the box and the box inside the column are not skewed, the recess is deep, and the pipe mouth is too much into the box and the box. The box is fixed in a small prison, and it is vibrated and displaced or the concrete slurry enters the box. The box is small and rust-proof and anti-corrosive.
(4) Lightning protection grounding
1. The lightning protection belt is laid by ordinary yuan steel. The belt and the lower wire are welded by welding or single-sided welding. The length of the overlap is insufficient, and the corrosion of the welded joint is severe.
2. The roof metal is not grounded, and the metal pipe is used to replace the grounding PE line equipotential bonding branch line, and the bridge cross-ground wire diameter is insufficient;
3. The grounding ground of the equipment is not directly connected to the grounding trunk;
4. The spacing between the brackets is too large, the belt shape is deformed, the brackets are detached, the corners and the lower corners are acute, and the distance between the lower and lower lines is too large;
5. When the TN-S grounding system is adopted in the multi-storey building, the grounding of the main distribution box is not repeated.
(5) Quality of the installation personnel
Recently, there is a common phenomenon in the construction team of the residential electrical installation engineering. The installation quality of the installation personnel is not high, and there is a certain gap with the requirements of modern electrical engineering. Although they have rich on-site construction and face, they lack professional theoretical knowledge. Their specialty is the operation process, and their understanding of professional and technical content and construction drawings is insufficient. For example, in the trunk line distribution system of a ten-story house, the main line needs no change in diameter from one to six floors, and many construction workers think that the wiring from one layer to six layers can be reduced layer by layer according to the change of load. It is not allowed in the specification (not meeting the "Low-Voltage Power Distribution Design Specification" GB50054-2011, Section 6.3.4, Section 6.3.5). The consequence of the operation is that it poses a safety hazard to the use of the building.
Second, the prevention and treatment of problems in the electrical installation process of buildings
(1) Strengthening the design and installation of distribution boxes
The distribution box is a direct field controller for electrical loads. In order for the power and lighting loads in electrical engineering to work properly, the performance of the components in the distribution box is of paramount importance. In the project, the distribution box components are complex and numerous. Some distribution boxes contain equipment such as building characters and fire protection. The electrical system involves various professions and has its own characteristics. It is subject to various professional conditions in the design. There are more, resulting in increased design modifications, and more changes in equipment and circuits in the distribution box. If the construction unit only orders the construction drawings when ordering, neglects to modify the documents, and only installs the equipment and does not carefully carry out the technical review, it can not meet the requirements of the relevant professional functions. Therefore, the construction unit should check the distribution box on site according to the design modification notice one by one, and correct the error that the switch capacity is too large or too small, and the number of circuits is not enough. In addition, the coordination of the upper and lower levels of electrical equipment and line protection is quite strict and should be selective. If it does not meet the technical requirements, it will cause many problems such as unstable system operation, poor power supply reliability, and wide range of accidents. Therefore, electrical design and Construction should be carried out in strict accordance with current regulations to reduce the hidden dangers of electrical accidents.
(2) Lightning protection grounding measures
Strengthen the skills training for welders, requiring that the welds in the lap weld be full, continuous and even, especially for the difficult welding such as bomb welding and overhead welding. Enhance the responsibility of managers and welders, timely repair welding of unqualified welds, and timely knock out the welding slag, brush anti-rust paint (above the ground) or asphalt (below the ground) anti-corrosion. According to the relevant construction and acceptance specifications, the connection of the lightning protection down conductor is lap welding, and the lap length is 6 times the diameter of the Yuan steel. Therefore, the rebar should not be used instead of the Yuan steel as the lap joint. In addition, if the main steel bar as the down conductor is in the civil construction, if it is welded to the head, the lap joint should be filled in accordance with the regulations, and the section of the element steel should meet the requirements of the specification.
(3) Quality management before construction of electrical installation engineering
The installer shall prepare the pre-installation construction according to the specific conditions of the electrical installation project to be constructed, so as to better carry out the construction work of the electrical installation of the building. Specifically embodied in:
1. Contract management before installation and construction. The construction unit shall combine the construction design drawings and relevant change documents, and review the relevant construction aspects, equipment use, material supply, construction period objectives, staffing, and expenses in the contract according to the requirements of the owner and other subjective and objective conditions. The construction budget map is fully estimated and budgeted for the expenses incurred.
2. Material and equipment management before installation and construction. Material equipment management is the premise and basis of the installation project, including the purchase, inspection, identification, storage, use, recycling and so on of materials and equipment. When purchasing related materials and equipment, it is necessary to review the qualifications and production capacity of the relevant material manufacturers to ensure that the materials and equipment required for construction can be supplied in sufficient time, and ask the manufacturers for 3C certification and quality certification. Relevant information, and organize professional and technical personnel to inspect the purchased materials and equipment, return the unqualified products, and re-examine the materials and equipment with quality and standard disputes.
(4) Quality management during construction of electrical installation engineering
1. Organization management during installation and construction. Organizational management in electrical installation engineering includes internal coordination organization management and external coordination organization management. Formulate a reasonable management organization plan, and make overall arrangements for the installation time of the installers, technicians, managers and commissioning personnel during the construction period, and reduce unnecessary manual management costs. Clearly responsibilities, organize the construction schedule management and other professional construction units to establish close communication, establish communication channels that can timely feedback and transfer information, pay attention to coordinate and resolve differences and conflicts in the construction management process, and ensure electrical installation and construction work. It is completed in good quality and quantity.
2. Progress management during installation and construction. Equipment supply, staffing, construction timing, etc. during construction require coordination and control of schedule management. The construction unit shall decompose the entire installation project according to the project construction period requirements, and prepare the project schedules for different time periods, such as the daily plan, the weekly plan, the monthly plan, and the like. Clear the corresponding construction team and responsible person, set up a reward and punishment system, reward the over-completed personnel, and punish those who fail to complete the task. Ensure that the electrical installation of the building can be completed on schedule.
3. Interface management during installation and construction. The interface management during installation and construction mainly refers to the coordination and division of the electrical installation engineering with the sub-project and other engineering on the interface of the installation and construction content. For example, when the electrical equipment is combined with the intelligent management system of the building, the interface interface is too In many cases, the person in charge of each subsystem project generally adopts the form of unified scheduling to coordinate management, modify, coordinate and record in the form of file report.
4. Personnel management during installation and construction. The quality of electrical installation works directly affects the quality of construction projects. In the management of construction quality, the construction unit shall establish a sound quality management system for construction personnel, implement a quality target responsibility system, and implement quality responsibility to specific individuals.
5. Do a good job in supervision and inspection of installation quality. The construction unit shall strictly use the electrical equipment that meets the national safety standards as specified in the design for construction and installation. Formulate relevant quality supervision rules and regulations, and eliminate the occurrence of cutting corners and using inferior equipment.
(5) Quality management during the completion phase of the building electrical installation project
The construction and installation unit shall cooperate with the acceptance and acceptance unit to do the acceptance of the project. The inspection and acceptance of the electrical installation project shall be carried out in accordance with the current national electrical installation engineering standard, feasibility report, equipment technical specification and overall construction project objectives. After that, all construction and installation materials will be archived.
(6) Engage construction units with construction qualifications for installation and timely train the installers. The construction unit shall carry out the installation of building electrical in strict accordance with the relevant national rules and regulations; hire professional personnel to carry out regular training for the installation personnel to fully understand and master the installation of electrical professional electrical equipment and various fire-fighting electricity. And the principle of installation of construction electricity, and should timely understand and master the new technology, new technology, new products of electrical professional, and used in the construction and installation process.