Power electronic high frequency magnetic technology and its development trend

The main research and application content of power electronics technology is the conversion technology of the form of electric energy, that is, the waveform of electric energy through the power electronic converter device. Transform frequency and size. Currently. The application range of power electronic technology is very wide. According to statistics in 997, 40% of the electrical energy in the United States is to be converted by various power electronic converters. By 2010, this proportion will increase to 8. The expansion of the application range of power electronics and the improvement of the application level will not only cause volume expansion. And it also puts forward higher requirements for quality. E.g. By 2, 2 years, the high frequency of 5, 0 level, the power density of the off power supply will be increased from the current 24 to 3.66, 3 The development of ultra-large-scale digital integrated circuits The required power supply module not only requires high efficiency, but the power supply can be integrated with the chip. And it requires a low voltage of 1.215 volts. Provides 7 amps of current, and the high-frequency 5 volt power supply technology is an indispensable key device in power electronic devices in power electronics technology. It is responsible for the transmission and storage of magnetic energy and filtering. Its volume and weight are as large as the whole + The 20 to 309 losses of the circuit account for the impact of the total loss voltage spikes on the transformer. The effect of the coupling capacitance of the secondary winding on the isolation performance reduces the volume and weight of the power electronic device. The key to improving voltage modulation performance is to increase the switching operating frequency.

With the development of active switching devices and soft customs clearance technology. The switching loss is reduced. Frequency mention. But at high frequencies, the development of power magnetic technology is relatively slow. It has become an influence on the overall development of power electronics. Power electronic high-frequency magnetic technology is the combination of power electronic technology and magnetic technology, and the research and application of traditional power frequency magnetic technology to high frequency and special magnetic structure. Based on the electromagnetic theory, we discuss the magnetic parts at high frequencies and sinusoids. Under the excitation of square wave or arbitrary waveform voltage, and in combination with the power electronic circuit, the special model generated. Numerical model of magnetic field and analysis of magnetic parts. Experiments and design methods, and research and put forward various new types of magnetic structure = power electronic high-frequency magnetic technology is a sub-high-frequency magnetic technology of power electronics and electrical appliances. It also includes the research and development of high-frequency magnetic materials.

The development of power electronic technology has put forward new requirements for magnetic components. With the modernization of power electronic technology, the frequency is becoming higher. Green integrated manufacturing. The planarization and the development of high power density also put forward higher requirements for magnetic parts.

Increased frequency of magnetic elements. Integration, flatness.

Array. Modularization and high efficiency have become an inevitable trend in the development of magnetic parts, and with the development of various forms of thick film integrated manufacturing technology, various new structures of magnetic parts have emerged. These all bring magnetic pieces in theoretical analysis. Mathematical modeling. Optimize the design. Many questions about experimental research and practical application.

The distribution parameters of the magnetic parts such as leakage reactance. Distributed capacitance. Turn-to-turn capacitance and other high-frequency losses play an important role in the performance of magnetic parts. How to construct these magnetic parts. How to analyze and how to design. How to test, at present, lack of effective theoretical guidance and analysis basis. The traditional analytical research and design methods suitable for power frequency magnetic parts or bulk magnetic structure magnetic parts can no longer meet the needs of the development of modern high-frequency magnetic technology, regardless of the magnetic components being studied.

Still in application, they have become the bottleneck of the advanced development of power electronics technology. It can be said that new achievements and breakthroughs in high-frequency magnetic technology research will drive the rapid development of the power electronics frontier.

4 Internationally attaches great importance to the research and application of high-frequency magnetic technology. United States, Europe. Japan and other power electronic technology powers attach great importance to the research and application of high-frequency magnetic technology. In recent years, in various international academic conferences of power electronics such as 0 has 3, 5 + latch 1 has been 0, etc., magnetic technology has been independently used as a special content of the discussion and exchange of the meeting, and the number of papers on magnetic technology Increase year by year. At the 1998 International Conference on Applied Power Electronics, magnetic technology was also used as the study content of the conference. However, the research of high-frequency magnetic technology has not yet formed a fixed research scale in our country. Researchers in the field of power electronics often focus on magnetic technology. The research is not in-depth. Therefore, the research and application of high-frequency magnetic technology in China is very important for the development of China's power electronics technology, and will certainly promote the progress of China's power electronics technology.

The development trend of power electronic off-frequency magnetic technology Magnetic components, as a key device in power electronic devices, are closely related to the development of power electronic technology itself and the expansion of its application range.

But at the same time, the development and breakthrough of the high-frequency magnetic technology itself in turn drove the improvement of the power electronics application level and the expansion of the application range. It can be said that the current high-frequency magnetic technology has to a certain extent become the driving force for the advancement of power electronics technology. The development trend of magnetic technology is mainly reflected in the following aspects.

1. High frequency leaf 9 frequency 9 High frequency switching frequency of several hundred kilohertz to megahertz is the volume and weight of high and low rate magnetic components of power electronic products, thus reducing the volume and weight of the entire product. According to theoretical analysis, under the same magnetic flux density. Increase the frequency by a factor. The core area of ​​the transformer can be reduced by half. Similarly, an increase in frequency can reduce the sharp increase in inductor losses. So in fact, the decrease in the volume and weight of the magnetic parts is generally related to the switching frequency and thermal conditions, which can improve this ratio. With the development of soft switching technology, the switching loss is reduced, which gradually increases the operating frequency of the switching device, but the sharp increase in the loss of the magnetic part limits the progress of the frequency. The high frequency of magnetic parts is an inevitable requirement for the high frequency of power electronic technology, and it is also the most important trend in the development of magnetic parts, as far as magnetic parts are concerned. At higher frequencies due to higher frequency, the effect of the inter-turn capacitance and the coupling capacitance of the primary and secondary windings increases significantly. Become a non-negligible circuit parameter, frequency loss to iron core winding loss and even magnetizing inductance. The influence of parameters such as leakage inductance has also increased significantly, making the circuit model of magnetic parts more complicated. It is to increase the loss of magnetic parts, and the eddy current effect is more significant. The structure and arrangement of the iron core and the winding, and even the end structure of the winding have a dramatic increase in the magnetic flux gap diffusion flux loss. Various structural forms of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer also have a critical effect on the winding loss. It is difficult to test magnetic parts at high frequencies. The phase error caused by the distributed parameters of the test system increases. As a result, the measurement error of the magnetic parameters such as loss increases sharply. It puts forward higher requirements for magnetic materials. In addition to actively developing high-frequency and low-loss magnetic materials, various types of magnetic materials have also appeared. ,Wait.

2. Plane 0 West, such as 6, every electromagnetic component is the coupling of magnetic circuit and electric circuit. Considering from the traditional electrical magnetic theory, for a given coil window area and core cross-sectional area, for the optimal structure, the coil loop and the core loop length are required to be the shortest to reduce the core volume and coil length. Therefore, the shape of the coil window of the iron core is generally a block-shaped iron core structure such as a round shape or a pot shape with a small width-to-height ratio, which makes the weight of the magnetic communication power electronic device lighter. Low cross-sections such as portable power supplies, on-board power supplies, etc .; the increase in requirements, objectively require magnetic parts to have a low flat planar structure.

Philips first proposed a planar structure ferrite core 2. It has been widely used.

In theory, the planar iron core structure becomes flat and elongated due to the shape of the window. Reduced the utilization rate of magnetic circuit and electric circuit. However, at high frequencies, core heating becomes a major contradiction, and the planarized magnetic structure has a larger heat dissipation area, and the thermal resistance from the hot spot of the magnetic part to the surface of the magnetic part is reduced, thereby increasing the power density. The planarization of the magnetic core structure will inevitably bring about the planarization of the winding structure, thus driving the study of planar structure windings. For example, the sandwich structure of the original secondary winding. Overlapped transposition structure, etc. Different winding coupling capacitances have different effects. The planar winding is easy to manufacture and has good parameter consistency. It is suitable for manufacturing with multi-layer printed board technology, and it is also convenient to apply the interlayer overlapping technology of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the inter-turn transposition technology.

3. Integrated coffee 9 post, since the idea of ​​magnetics integration was first proposed since 0, magnetics integration technology has developed rapidly.

Integration actually includes two meanings: integrating multiple magnetic elements on an iron core structure. Make full use of the voltage of each magnetic part on the specific circuit topology. Current relationship and magnetic flux on the magnetic circuit topology. Magnetic potential relationship, to achieve multiple magnetic parts, for example, two or more inductors are manufactured on the core, and the transformer and inductor are integrated on the core structure. 3 is to combine the magnetic element with the circuit board, such as direct The magnetic part 23 was made by post and telecommunications merchants in 2000. The gray dragon made the core and the winding on the silicon wafer.

For power conversion circuits, magnetic components have an important role in the topology of the main power circuit. Increasing the inductance or coupling each inductance has an important role in improving the performance of the circuit. Volume and loss. If the magnetic integration technology is adopted, the increase in the number of magnetic elements in the circuit topology does not necessarily mean the increase in the volume occupied by the magnetic structure and the loss of the magnetic parts in the actual circuit layout. Therefore, when researching the circuit topology, it is necessary not only to consider the circuit topology, but also to integrate the circuit topology and the possible integrated structural solution of the magnetic part to study it to achieve the best combination of the magnetic part structure and the circuit structure.

4 The array is called 31 cores. In order to break the traditional block structure of the magnetic parts, the square structure is dispersed into a magnetic structure arranged in a distributed array, or a layer of magnetic structure layers is formed, which facilitates the close cooperation and integration of the magnetic structure and the circuit board or other devices . On the other hand, the traditional structure magnetic piece has a concentrated and bulk structure due to its core and winding losses.

This makes it a hotspot for concentrated heat sources with high temperature rise.

From the perspective of the temperature rise distribution of the entire circuit, the heat generation is the most concentrated, and the highest temperature rise is often on the magnetic parts including the iron core and the winding. Therefore, the characteristic of the array magnetic structure is that the concentrated heat of the traditional block magnetic structure becomes The uniform distribution of the array structure generates heat and greatly increases the heat dissipation area, so that the temperature rise distribution of the entire circuit tends to be even, and the power density of the entire circuit is improved. The other of the array is to increase the area, so that the magnetic part becomes a very flat magnetic layer, so as to meet the structural requirements of the power converter that has special needs for the shape height.

The core structure of the array-type magnetic part can have various shaped voltage devices or inductors with different inductances.

5. The main technical problem of the hybrid high-density power conversion module is to achieve a highly integrated packaging of various components and improve the power density. The voltage spikes and energy loss caused by circuit distribution parameters at high frequencies are a major obstacle to increasing the frequency. Shortening the wiring between various components can reduce the influence of high-frequency circuit distribution parameters, reduce the voltage and current stress on the semiconductor device, reduce energy circulation, and improve efficiency. The highly integrated package not only reduces the module size. What's more important is to mention the reliability and efficiency of the module. At present, foreign products have realized the integrated package of active device jumper state 1 Yang 30. But passive devices are still discrete devices. The mixing of magnetic parts is to combine magnetic elements with other circuit devices, such as switching devices. Transistor capacitors are manufactured in combination to minimize or eliminate the wiring between devices. For example, through the interlayer distributed capacitance of the inductor foil winding to achieve a hybrid filter, the ferrite material and the winding material are made on the silicon substrate through the thin film process, and the mixed material of the pole tube and the transformer is made of ferrite On the substrate. Since the magnetic element contains an iron core and a winding, this is the difficulty of hybrid design and manufacturing.

Conclusion Research on magnetic components. Analysis, design and construction are important contents of electric power and technology. high frequency. The power conversion module with high power density and special shape structure is the forefront of the development of power electronics. Power electronic high-frequency magnetic technology is a close combination of power electronic technology and magnetic technology. At present, the development of China's power electronic high-frequency magnetic technology is relatively slow, which has become a limiting factor affecting the overall development of power electronics. As a key device of power electronics, magnetic components and the development and breakthrough of magnetic technology itself in turn drive the improvement of power electronics application level and the expansion of application scope. The development of high-frequency magnetic technology will bring about changes in the traditional magnetic structure and make the magnetic parts more high-frequency. Flatten. Integrated. Array and Kunhe Chemical are developing. The content of research and application of local frequency magnetic technology is constantly expanding and deepening.

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