[Photo] Circulator

The outstanding feature of the circulator, also called isolator, is the unidirectional transmission of high frequency signal energy. It controls the transmission of electromagnetic waves in a certain circular direction. This characteristic of unidirectional transmission of high-frequency signal energy is mostly used between the output end of the high-frequency power amplifier and the load to play an independent and "isolated" role. The load impedance does not affect the working state of the power amplifier when it changes or even opens or shorts, thus protecting the power amplifier.
The principle of unidirectional transmission of the circulator is due to the use of ferrite gyromagnetic materials. Under the combined action of an external high-frequency wave field and a constant DC magnetic field, this material produces gyromagnetic properties (also called tensor magnetic permeability properties). It is this gyromagnetic property that makes the electromagnetic waves propagating in the ferrite rotate in polarization (Faraday effect), and the electromagnetic wave energy is strongly absorbed (ferromagnetic resonance). It is precisely this gyromagnetic phenomenon that makes the knot Type isolator, circulator. It has the characteristics of small size, frequency bandwidth and small insertion loss, so it is widely used.
The picture on the left is the structure diagram of the circulator. It adopts a knot-shaped strip structure. The double Y-shaped center conductor is placed between two pieces of ferrite samples to form a sample junction. Three magnets are placed around the sample junction to make the whole The sample junction generates a uniform and constant magnetic field. The port of the isolator and circulator is changed from the strip line to the coaxial line. Through the correct design, the sample junction and the coaxial line can be well matched to meet the various performance requirements of the isolator and the circulator. When the load is mismatched In the case of, the reflected energy will flow to the external absorption resistor along the direction marked by the blue line, and the energy is absorbed by the resistor.
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