The emission reduction of the thermal power industry of the five power generation groups is incumbent

At the 7th National Conference on Environmental Protection held recently, Huaneng, Datang, Huadian, Guodian, and China Power Investment Corporation signed the Responsibility Letter for the Total Reducing Targets of Major Pollutants in the “Twelfth Five-year Plan”. The Responsibility Statement for Reducing Emissions clearly defines the total pollutant control targets, major emission reduction tasks, and measures. According to the provisions of the Responsibility Statement for Reducing Emissions, the five major power generation groups will complete the denitrification facilities of 400 million kilowatts of thermal power units during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period. This shows that during the “12th Five-Year Plan” period, the thermal power industry must intensify its emission reduction efforts and promote the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the power industry.

The thermal power industry is a major emitter of nitrogen oxides. China's thermal power industry emits more than 40% of its total nitrogen oxide emissions. With the acceleration of economic development, population growth, and urbanization, China's nitrogen oxide emissions will continue to grow. Data shows that the total nitrogen oxide emissions in the first three quarters of 2011 increased by 7.2%, which is a big difference from the planned reduction of 1.5% in 2011. Therefore, under the severe emission reduction situation, the thermal power industry must take the responsibility of reducing emissions accordingly.

The five major power generation groups are large state-owned enterprises. Compared with small and medium-sized enterprises, large state-owned enterprises should be more proactive in taking actions to protect the environment and shoulder more social responsibilities. At present, the "Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants" has been formally implemented, and more stringent requirements have been put on nitrogen oxide emissions. It is incumbent on the five major power generation groups to do a good job in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" nitrogen oxide emission reduction work. This is a reflection of the higher social responsibility.

Raise awareness of pollution reduction. Thermal power companies should further raise their awareness of pollution reduction, effectively assume the main responsibility for nitrogen oxide emission reduction, overcome difficulties in the current lack of operating funds for denitrification facilities under the current high price of coal and electricity, and the declining profits of thermal power companies, and get rid of various excuses. Negative attitude, the denitrification of thermal power as an important task, take the initiative to do a good job of pollution reduction.

Break the industry monopoly. As we all know, the power industry is a monopoly industry, due to the lack of competition, power companies eat "big pot" phenomenon, resulting in the state of mind that the pollution emission reduction and other state subsidies, some companies do not actively promote emission reductions on the grounds of loss. In this regard, measures should be taken to break the monopoly of the power industry. First, cancel the franchise of the central enterprises in the field of power generation, allow full competition, and establish an effective supervision system; second, the central government will no longer directly invest in the central enterprises in any name. Central and private enterprises should enjoy the same national treatment, and the profits of the central enterprises must not be returned. Third, the leaders of the central SOEs should be determined by shareholders and investors. In addition, non-state-owned capital is permitted to enter the core operating areas of the central SOEs and the “36-item” of the private economy entering the monopoly industries is truly implemented.

We will actively carry out research on denitrification technologies and develop nitrogen oxide reduction technologies that are suitable for our country. China has already had the control technology of flue gas denitrification in power plants, but the key technologies are still subject to foreign countries. Therefore, more support and preferential policies should be given for the research of nitrogen oxide control technology, and the application and industrialization of domestic nitrogen oxide control technology scale should be promoted as soon as possible.

Further increase penalties. The total amount of control as a pre-condition for the new project EIA approval, the total amount of the project, with a total capacity. Strengthen the law enforcement of power plants that have established denitrification facilities and regulate the emission of pollutants from thermal power plants; strictly supervise the operation of the “three simultaneous” denitrification facilities of thermal power units, and effectively increase the operation rate of denitrification units; and denitrification is not normally put into operation. The thermal power facilities of the facility have suspended the environmental approvals for the new projects of their respective power groups.

Rice Cooker

A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice. It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat. The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat. Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.  Cooking rice has traditionally required constant attention to ensure the rice was cooked properly, and not burnt. Electric rice cookers automate the process by mechanically or electronically controlling heat and timing, thus freeing up a heating element on the cooking range that had to be otherwise occupied for rice cooking. Although the rice cooker does not necessarily speed up the cooking process, with an electric rice cooker the cook's involvement in cooking rice is reduced to simply measuring the rice, preparing the rice properly and using the correct amount of water. Once the rice cooker is set to cook, the rice will be cooked with no further attention.

 

Features:

 

For modern home rice cookers, the smallest single-person model cooks 1 rice cup (180 ml), whereas large models can cook 10 cups. Commercial models can cook 20 or more cups. As a possible source of confusion, model specifications and names may list either cooked or uncooked capacity. Rice roughly doubles in size during cooking; therefore, a 10 cup (uncooked) rice cooker can produce up to 20 cups of cooked rice. The prices vary greatly, depending on the capacity, features, materials used, and the country of origin.

The majority of modern electric rice cookers are equipped with a stay-warm or keep-warm feature, which keeps the rice at an optimal temperature for serving without over-cooking it. Some gas cookers also have electric stay-warm mechanism. However, the usefulness of this feature degrades over time, a microwave may be more energy efficient or better suited to reheat rice that will sit longer than four hours.

Some rice cookers use induction heating, with one or more induction heaters directly warming the pot. This can improve energy efficiency.

Most modern rice cookers use aluminium for the inner cooking bowl. There are some models that use stainless steel instead of aluminium. Various other materials, such as copper, pure carbon, ceramic, and diamond powder coating, may be used for higher heat conductivity or better taste.

The pressure-cooking models can raise the water's boiling point higher, e.g., from 100 °C at 1.0 atm up to about 110 °C at 1.4 atm, which speeds cooking. The pressure-cooking models can also be used in high altitude areas, where the boiling temperature is below 100 Celsius. Pressure cookers are also suitable for cooking brown rice (which contains oils and bran fiber that cook differently from pure white rice starch). Some pressure rice cookers have a varying pressure control mechanism (named the "dual-pressure" method) that creates repeated pressure/release cycles during the cooking.

There also exist mechanisms to collect and return the boiled over liquid to the inner rice bowl.

Many cookers now have microprocessor-controlled cooking cycles, which are often used to adjust for rice and cooking type.

 

Applications

 

Rice cookers are typically used for the preparation of plain or lightly seasoned rice. Each rice cooker model may be optimized to cook a certain type of rice best. For example, most Japanese rice cookers are optimized for cooking Japanese rice and may not be the best for other types of rice[citation needed], although cooking time can be lengthened simply by more water.

The typical method of cooking long grain rice is boil-and-strain and/or steaming method. The absorption method used in Japanese rice cookers will produce slightly different texture and taste, usually stickier rice.

Brown rice generally needs longer cooking times than white rice, unless it is broken or flourblasted (which perforates the bran).

Different varieties of rice need different cooking times, depending on their grain size, grain shape, and grain composition. There are three main types of Asian rice: Oryza sativa subsp. indica, i.e., Indian rice (long grain rice, e.g., basmati rice and Thai jasmine rice), O. sativa subsp. javanica, i.e., Java rice (large grain rice) and O. sativa subsp. japonica, i.e., Japanese rice (medium grain rice, e.g., Calrose rice, short grain rice, e.g., most Japanese rice and risotto rice).

African rice, Oryza glaberrima, is an entirely separate species, but can be cooked in the same way. Zizania is not even in the same genus, although it is often called a rice (or "water oats"); it, too, can also be cooked in a rice cooker.

A rice cooker can be used to cook many boiled or steamed granular foods, such as pot barley, bulgar wheat, and dal. Provided the ingredients have similar cooking times, a rice cooker can cook mixtures such as khichdi. Some rice cookers can be used as automated couscoussiers, cooking couscous and a stew simultaneously.

Rice Cooker

Rice Cooker,Drum Rice Cooker,Deluxe Rice Cooker,Straight Rice Cooker

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