The structure of an ordinary optical microscope is mainly divided into three parts: a mechanical part, an illumination part, and an optical part.

Mechanical part (1) Mirror base: It is the base of the microscope to support the entire mirror body.

(2) Mirror column: It is an upright part of the mirror base for connecting the mirror base and the mirror arm.

(3) Mirror arm: One end is connected to the lens column, and one end is connected to the lens barrel.

(4) Lens barrel: Attached to the front of the mirror arm, an eyepiece is attached to the upper end of the lens barrel and an objective lens converter is provided at the lower end.

(5) Objective converter (rotator): attached to the bottom of the prism shell, can be freely rotated, there are 3-4 round holes on the disk, is to install the objective lens part, rotate the converter, you can exchange different objective lens, when listening Only when observing the humming sound can the observation be performed. At this time, the optical axis of the objective lens is exactly aligned with the center of the light hole and the optical path is closed. After converting the objective lens, no coarse adjuster is allowed. Fine adjusters can only be used to make the image clear.

(6) Mirror stage (stage): In the bottom of the lens barrel, there are square and round shapes for placing slide specimens. There is a hole in the center. The microscope used on our microscope is equipped with a slide specimen propeller ( Pusher). There is a spring clip on the left side of the pusher to hold the slide specimen. The propeller adjustment wheel under the stage allows the slide specimen to move left and right and forward and backward.

(7) Adjuster: It is the size of two kinds of spirals mounted on the lens column. When adjusting, the stage is moved up and down.

1 Coarse adjuster (coarse helix): The helix is ​​called coarse adjuster. When moving, the stage can be moved quickly and greatly. Therefore, the distance between the objective lens and the sample can be quickly adjusted so that the object image appears in the field of vision. Usually, When using a low power lens, use the coarse adjuster to quickly find the object.

2 fine regulator (fine quasi-focus spiral): small spiral is called fine regulator, the stage can be moved slowly to move up and down, mostly in the use of high-power lens when used to get a clearer image, and to observe different levels of specimens and Different depth structures.

The lighting part is mounted under the stage, including mirrors and light collectors.

(1) Mirror: It is mounted on the lens holder and can be rotated in any direction. It has flat and concave sides. Its function is to reflect light from the light source to the condenser and illuminate the specimen through the light hole. The concave mirror focuses the light. Strong effect, suitable for use when light is weak, flat lens condenser is weak, suitable for use when light is strong.

(2) The light collector (concentrator) is located on the light collector frame below the stage and consists of a condenser lens and a diaphragm. Its function is to concentrate the light on the specimen to be observed.

1 Condenser: Consisting of one or a few lenses, it acts as a converging light, strengthens the illumination of the specimen, and injects light into the objective lens. There is an adjustment screw next to the lens column. Turn it to raise and lower the condenser to adjust the field of view. The brightness of light intensity. 2 aperture (iridescent aperture): In the condenser below, consists of a dozen pieces of metal foil, the outer side of a handle, push it to adjust the size of its opening to adjust the amount of light.

Optical part (1) Eyepieces: mounted on the upper end of the lens barrel, usually equipped with 2-3, engraved with 5 ×, 10 × or 15 × symbols to indicate the magnification, generally equipped with a 10 × eyepiece.

(2) Objective: The rotator on the lower end of the lens barrel generally has 3-4 objective lenses. The shortest engraved “10×” symbol is a low magnification lens, and the longer one is engraved with a “40×” symbol. For high-powered lenses, the longest engraved “100×” symbol is an oil mirror. In addition, a line of different colors is often added to high-power lenses and oil mirrors to show the difference.

The magnification of the microscope is the product of the magnification of the objective lens and the magnification of the eyepiece. For example, if the objective lens is 10× and the eyepiece lens is 10×, the magnification is 10×10=100.