5G standard is only a preliminary large-scale commercial still needs time
At the start of this year, Chinese smartphone brand Huawei made a bold move by re-entering the U.S. market. Following AT&T’s decision to abandon its plan to sell the Huawei Mate 10, Verizon also announced it would not proceed with the sale. Some media outlets speculated that this shift could be linked to the broader strategic competition between China and the U.S. in 5G technology.
The race for 5G leadership has become one of the most intense technological battles globally. Recently, at the pre-communication meeting of the World Mobile Communications Conference in Barcelona, Huawei unveiled the world’s first commercial 5G chip and terminal. The company also announced plans to launch 5G industrial modules and car communication systems, signaling its aggressive push into the next generation of wireless technology.
What is China's position in the global 5G landscape? Is the U.S. ban on Huawei products really aimed at controlling the spread of its technology?
The technical competition has now become the norm in the telecom industry. Since around 2009, major telecom equipment providers and operators have been investing heavily in 5G research. Today, the competition has reached a boiling point, with companies like AT&T, NTT, and China Telecom all vying to be the first to roll out 5G services.
So, is the U.S. ban on Huawei related to 5G strategy? In response to this question, Zhou Zhigang, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, explained that "the ban reflects the conflict between technical and commercial interests." Such conflicts have existed for a long time and are not unique to the 5G era.
"5G is a global technical standard, and manufacturers must sell their equipment and terminals worldwide. Huawei, as a global player, certainly wants to operate in China, Europe, and North America," Zhou said.
Wang Huiming, a professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, added that the competition between nations over communication technology is a natural part of development. "It should be approached with a mature mindset."
Communication technology has evolved through several stages: from the 'big brothers' of 1G, to text messaging in 2G, video calls in 3G, and mobile internet in 4G. Now, the 5G era is upon us, promising even greater changes.
Zhou Zhigang noted that 5G will bring significant improvements in speed and latency. "The network structure will be more flexible, supporting multiple services, standards, and complex groups. Some core functions will be moved closer to the base station, reducing delay and increasing speed."
Security is also a key feature of 5G. With high-band technology, it supports directional transmission, offering better confidentiality and less interference. This means more users can connect securely.
Before 2G, 3G, and 4G, each generation brought new possibilities. The rise of 5G is expected to bring even deeper societal changes beyond just technology.
Recalling the short-lived 3G era, Wang Huiming feels that market trends are hard to predict. But she sees a clear path for 5G. "It's not just about communication—it will become a fundamental infrastructure in the information society, touching every aspect of life."
With higher speeds and larger data capacity, 5G will "inspire many new innovations." Wang believes that enhanced mobile broadband will improve AR/VR experiences and video streaming. Low latency and high reliability will support smart medical care and autonomous driving, while massive connectivity will enable the widespread adoption of IoT and smart homes.
Standardization is the first step toward commercial success. Driven by global demand, 5G standards are gradually taking shape. In December 2017, the 3GPP released the first 5G NR (New Air Interface) standard. By June 2018, the first version of the international 5G standard was launched, marking a major step forward.
In November 2016, 3GPP selected Polar Code as the control channel coding scheme for 5G eMMB scenarios. This was driven largely by Huawei, showing China's growing influence in shaping 5G standards.
Wang Huiming noted that in the 4G era, government support and the R&D capabilities of companies like Huawei and ZTE helped China gain a stronger voice in standardization.
However, Zhou Zhigang pointed out that leading in 5G is a test of technical strength. "The 5G standard system is vast, and Polar Code is just a small part of it." He emphasized that while Huawei and ZTE are strong players, becoming a true leader requires continuous innovation and effort.
Although the competition is fierce and the future looks promising, the large-scale commercial deployment of 5G may take longer than expected.
Speaking about the finalization of the 5G standard, Zhou said, "The current 5G standard is still preliminary. It will likely take another one or two years to complete. Before that, manufacturers will conduct experiments and demonstrations for commercial and promotional purposes."
Wang Huiming believes that 5G technology and user demand are interdependent. "The elements of 5G will be introduced gradually, and standards will continue to evolve. Large-scale commercialization will require both technological maturity and market readiness."
| Model | Nominal Voltage | Nominal Capacity | Nominal impedance | Dimension | Charge-discharge standard | Approx Weight | |||
| (V) | (mAh) | (mQ) | Diameter | Height | Charge | Discharge | ≈g | ||
| ICR10220 | 3.7 | 130 | <150 | 10 | 22 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 4.1 | |
| ICR10440 | 3.7 | 350 | <120 | 10 | 44 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 9 | |
| ICR14430 | 3.7 | 650 | <100 | 13.8 | 42.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 17 | |
| ICR14500 | 3.7 | 900 | <80 | 14 | 50 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 19.5 | |
| ICR17280 | 3.7 | 600 | <100 | 16.3 | 28 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 15 | |
| ICR17335 | 3.7 | 700 | <100 | 16.3 | 33.5 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 18 | |
| ICR18500 | 3.7 | 1400 | <70 | 18.1 | 50 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 33 | |
| ICR18650 | 3.7 | 2000 | <50 | 18.1 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 45 | |
| ICR18650P | 3.7 | 2000 | <40 | 18.1 | 65 | 0.5C-1C | 3C-5C | 45 | |
| ICR18650P | 3.7 | 2200 | <40 | 18.1 | 65 | 0.5C-1C | 3C-5C | 45 | |
| ICR18650 | 3.7 | 2600 | <70 | 18.1 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 45 | |
| ICR26650 | 3.7 | 3500 | <30 | 26 | 65.5 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 85 | |
| ICR26650P | 3.7 | 5000 | <30 | 26 | 65.5 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 85 | |
| ICR18650P | 3.7 | 1500 | <15 | 18.1 | 64.8 | 1C | 10C-15C | 47 | |
| ICR26650P | 3.7 | 2200 | <15 | 26 | 64.8 | 1C | 10C-15C | 64 | |
| IFR14430E | 3.2 | 400 | <115 | 13.8 | 43 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 15 | |
| IFR14500E | 3.2 | 400 | <95 | 13.8 | 50.2 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 15.5 | |
| IFR14500E | 3.2 | 650 | <80 | 13.8 | 50.2 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 17.8 | |
| IFR18500E | 3.2 | 600 | <80 | 18 | 50 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 19.5 | |
| IFR18500E | 3.2 | 1200 | <80 | 18 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 30.4 | |
| IFR18650E | 3.2 | 1500 | <65 | 18 | 64.8 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 40.5 | |
| IFR18650E | 3.2 | 1700 | <80 | 18 | 65.3 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 41.2 | |
| IFR26650E | 3.2 | 3400 | <20 | 26 | 65.3 | 0.5C-1C | 0.5C-1C | 87 | |
| IFR18650P | 3.2 | 1100 | <20 | 18 | 65.3 | 1-3C | 10-25C | 40 | |
| IFR26650P | 3.2 | 2400 | <20 | 26 | 65.3 | 1-3C | 10-25C | 82 | |
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