5G standard is only a preliminary large-scale commercial still needs time

At the start of this year, Chinese tech giant Huawei made a surprising move by re-entering the U.S. market with its smartphones. Following AT&T’s decision to abandon selling the Huawei Mate 10, Verizon also announced it would no longer proceed with the sale. Some media outlets speculated that this shift could be tied to the broader strategic competition between China and the U.S. in 5G technology. The race for 5G leadership has become one of the most intense technological battles globally. Recently, at the pre-communication meeting of the World Mobile Communications Conference in Barcelona, Huawei unveiled the world's first 5G commercial chip and terminal, signaling its commitment to leading the next generation of mobile connectivity. The company also announced plans to launch 5G industrial modules and vehicle communication systems, further expanding its footprint in the 5G ecosystem. What is China's standing in the global 5G landscape? Is the U.S. ban on Huawei products really about controlling its influence, or is it just part of a larger technical rivalry? The technical competition has become the norm in today's global economy. Since around 2009, telecom equipment providers and operators have been investing heavily in 5G research. Today, companies like AT&T, NTT, and China Telecom are all vying to be the first to offer 5G services, marking a highly competitive phase in the development of the technology.  So, is the U.S. ban on Huawei related to its 5G ambitions? According to Zhou Zhigang, a researcher at the Shanghai Institute of Microsystems, the ban reflects deeper conflicts between technical and commercial interests. Such tensions are not new, but they have intensified with the rise of 5G. Zhou added that 5G is a global standard, and manufacturers must aim for worldwide sales. For Huawei, it’s not just about China, Europe, or North America—it’s about reaching as many markets as possible. Wang Huiming, a professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, echoed this sentiment, saying that the competition in communication technology is natural and should be approached with maturity and confidence. Beyond communication, 5G brings more than just faster speeds. From the early days of 1G, where voice calls were the main feature, to 2G’s text messaging, 3G’s video calls, and 4G’s mobile internet, each era brought transformative changes. Now, 5G promises even greater shifts—improved transmission rates, reduced latency, and enhanced security. According to Zhou, 5G networks will be more flexible, supporting multiple services and standards. Core network functions will move closer to the base station, reducing delays and increasing speed. Additionally, 5G uses high-bandwidth technology for directional transmission, offering better security and privacy. Wang believes that 5G will go beyond communication, becoming a fundamental infrastructure for future information society. It will touch every aspect of daily life, from AR/VR experiences to smart cities and autonomous vehicles. While 5G holds great promise, its large-scale commercialization still requires time. The formation of global standards is the first step. In December 2017, 3GPP released the first 5G NR standard, and by June 2018, the first version of the international 5G standard was launched. This marked an important milestone in the standardization process. In 2016, 3GPP selected Polar Code as the control channel coding scheme for 5G, a decision driven largely by Huawei. This highlights China’s growing influence in shaping 5G standards. Despite these achievements, experts warn that becoming a leader in 5G requires more than just one breakthrough. As Zhou noted, the 5G standard system is vast, and Polar Code is just one piece of the puzzle. Companies like Huawei and ZTE must continue to innovate and accumulate technical expertise. Although the 5G race is heating up, its full potential may not materialize as quickly as expected. Zhou pointed out that the current 5G standard is still in its early stages and may take another year or two to finalize. Before that, companies will focus on demonstrations and pilot projects to test the technology. Wang agrees, emphasizing that 5G development and user demand are closely linked. As the technology evolves, so will the standards. Only when both the technology and the market are ready will 5G achieve true large-scale commercial success.

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