To accommodate 50,000 or so spectators, the lighthouse is often as high as 5 plus. In the general competition, the average illumination on the sports field is about 9001. The vertical illumination is about 1200. At such a high level of illumination, the human eye is in a clear visual condition. In addition to rationally arranging the luminaire, there is an appropriate ratio between the illuminance on the horizontal surface of the sports field and the illuminance on the vertical surface, and the illuminance is uniform. Limit the glare of the lamps, etc., and also meet the design requirements of energy-saving lighting. It is worth noting that the energy-saving lighting design of the sports arena can not only consider the selection of electric light sources and lamps with excellent optical performance, but also use the results of visual science research to design the stadium energy-saving lighting.

Near the central fossa in the center of the retina, the photoreceptor cells of the rod are reached near the fovea 20, human. Cone photoreceptors produce color vision.

This is because the photoreceptors are formed in response to the stimulation of corpse red light and blue light, so the color perception of the cone photoreceptor cells is red, green and blue. However, in the process of optical stimulation of the optic nerve, it is the interaction between black and white that is achieved by the two stimulation mechanisms. The so-called brightness channel mechanism is used to superimpose the response of photoreceptor cells to light stimulation, and in the opposite response. The dominant side is the final response; 1 is the interaction between the red and green yellow and blue of the cone photoreceptor cells, the so-called chromatic channel, and the same color in the opposite response is the final color. Body photoreceptor cells are concentrated, toe, but the visual spectrum spectral light efficiency function is limited by about 2 fields of view, the method of metering and instrumentation, and artificially processing the spectral light efficiency function into a smooth curve, making it practical The viewing effect varies greatly, especially the difference in the perception of colored light is more significant, so the equivalent brightness correction due to the difference in light color should be performed when designing the energy-saving lighting.

In addition to the effects of photoreceptor response and optic nerve transmission, people's vision is also affected by pupil size. According to the study, the size of the pupil should affect the visual function. 1 The more the blue-green light component is emitted from the light source, the smaller the pupil shrinks, the better the visual function will be, and the clearer the object will be.

The low-pressure sodium lamp mainly radiates yellow light, which has little effect on the pupil contraction. It is unclear when viewed, and is prone to sputum sensation. The visibility is not good. At this time, in order to make the visual effect meet the visual needs, the electric power of the light source must be increased. Will result in wasted energy. In order to rationally design an energy-saving lighting, it is necessary to re-examine the luminous efficiency of the light source from the viewpoint of so-called pupil brightness.

2 pupil brightness According to the study 4, the brightness value 1 in the visual vision and the brightness value in the dark vision should affect the pupil size, and the following empirical formula can be used to determine the pupil area from the formula, and the results are ten. The calculated value of the best regression formula obtained by 4lnd is in good agreement with the measured value.

The pupil brightness is defined by the following equation under different visual conditions, the value of 4 is different in the visual field, for the brightness of 10, 12 to 300, 2 indoor lighting full field of view solid angle 5.1830 visual situation, the mean and standard deviation The best estimate is 0.78±0.03; when the same visual field, but the limited field of view is 2, the value of 1 is zero. At this time, the pupil is bright and the field is repeated, the full field of view is repeated, the aperture brightness, 1 note 21340 is 2 photocopying fluorescent lamps; melon 31 Ke 0 is 2 blue fluorescent lamps; household coffee 40 pink fluorescent lamps; 晷 40 warm white fluorescent lamps; 50 corpses 40 72 daylight color catastrophic lights; corpse 40 golden fluorescent cells work, The rodless photoreceptor cells are involved, so the pupil size depends only on the brightness of the visual vision.

It can be seen from the above that the brightness of the indoor illumination is 1; to 30012, the full field of view vision, the pupil brightness can be approximated by the following formula. It can be seen from the above formula that the brightness value in dark vision has an influence on the pupil area. The brightness value during visual 1 is large. Because the pupil size affects the visual function, the effect of pupil brightness on lighting energy savings must be considered when designing the lighting.

Since there is an intrinsic relationship between brightness and luminous flux, and the brightness can be calculated from the luminous flux, it can be seen from the above formula that under certain conditions, the brightness of the light source is proportional to the luminous flux, so the brightness is also proportional to the luminous efficiency of the light source. That is, the following two forms are established.

In the above two formulas, it is the pupil flux, the unit is the pupil lumen 9叩68; the unit of illumination efficiency after correction of the pupil size is the pupil flux and the luminous flux and luminous efficiency of the visual and dark vision respectively.

According to the calculation of Equation 8, the metal halide lamp can be raised from the nominal luminous efficiency 107 claw to the 181 pupil lumen, while the low-pressure sodium lamp lacking the blue-green light will be equivalent to the bright vision from the nominal luminous efficiency 198. The brightness, which is because when the field of view 2 is limited, it is in the design of energy-saving lighting. The fainting should first make the color of the selected light source meet the needs of visual work. Then try to make the selected source of light contain more blue-green light components in the radiation spectrum. This can be done under conditions that guarantee the quality of the light environment. Energy saving 3 energy-saving lighting design new method Mountain corpse 1924 0 recommended light in the light effect. The leisure number is determined on the achromatic surface, which is very different from the actual viewing of the colored object, so that the brightness effect of the viewing is not equivalent to the measured brightness value, so when the energy saving photo is set, it should be performed. Effectiveness 13 correction. In Ming Vision, 0 suggests a formula for converting 1 to 2 in the field of view;

It can be calculated from the formula 9 that the equivalent brightness of green light is about 1.2 times that of the current bright vision, and the equivalent brightness of blue light is about 1.5 times that of 1. From this point of view, the radiation spectrum contains more energy-saving lighting design in the sports arena, in addition to the use of effective lighting energy-saving methods, but also the correction of the ratio of the selected source of light, so that the calculation results More in line with the brightness prediction effect, the pupil brightness correction factor can be obtained by the type 4, and the ratio of the equivalent brightness and brightness obtained by the type 9 is in short. When calculating the horizontal and vertical illuminance of the sports arena, the selected one should be selected first. The nominal luminous flux of the light source is multiplied by the pupil brightness correction factor; the ratio of the effect brightness to the brightness is then compared to the actual viewing effect that is more in line with the human eye. Carry out the above steps and the steps of the third step. It will play a role in lighting energy saving, so this is a new way to design energy-saving lighting.

4 Summary The visual process discussed in Muwen only involves the stage after the light hits the human eye, that is, the light passes through the pupil before the retina, then the photoreceptor cells on the retina respond, and finally the light is transmitted through the optic nerve to the cortex of the brain. Viewing area. The relevant visual theory questions are very complicated, and the relationship between them is more complicated. So at this stage, ask the actual project of the corpse stadium lighting. It seems that the product of the independent pupil brightness correction factor and the ratio of the equivalent brightness and brightness can be used to approximate the correction of the brightness after the light is incident on the human eye, as if this is feasible, and the stadium can be used to save energy. The lighting design forecast will be more realistic than the current method of measurement.

Starting from the visual science, we should focus on the various influencing factors in the sensory stage of Yunguang into the eye factory, and determine the relationship between them. This is a key lesson for energy-saving lighting design.

Calculated by the formula 12, the chromaticity coordinates are 0.323, the ratio of the equivalent brightness and the brightness of the 0.323 white light is 20,000, the purple light is 1.67, the chromaticity coordinates are 0.10, and the 0.20 blue light is 1.4. The coordinates are 0.10, the 0.80 green light is 1.26, etc. If only from the equivalent degree, it seems that the purple light illumination is good. In fact, it is not the case that the lighting design must first make the light color meet the visual needs. There is still a luminous efficiency called the light source. For example, the luminescence effect of the metallized lamp with the elbow color is lower than that of the blue metal halide lamp. The luminous efficiency meter of the blue metal halide lamp is 6 parts of the green lamp; therefore, the purple light pays the person, and the potential danger is that it is similar to the ultraviolet light. Long-term exposure 1 causes cataracts. This is a question of illumination and health. From the perspective of human health, it is necessary to eliminate purple light components from the radiation components of the light source.

In short, lighting energy saving is a system engineering question, and should coordinate and handle all aspects of the relationship.

Zhu Xiaoqing. Lighting technical manual. Mechanical Industry Press.

1997, 59683 Jiang Dylan. The effect of the spectrum of the light source on road lighting. Light source 6 Wanger Town. A new energy-efficient source that has entered the 21st century. Lighting 1 course 7 reports. , 1.1, for example. 31912 The Interim Meeting of the International Commission on Illumination successfully concluded the International Commission on Illumination in Turkey. The Interim Meeting was held on September 6th, 2001 in Istanbul, Turkey.

On September 8th, 8th, the meeting of the heads of the financial meeting of the core meeting was held, and then concentrated discussion.

On September 10th, a meeting of the conference and the academic committee was held. The content of the academic committee's division is to go to school by transportation.

On September 12th, 14th, the conference entered the 2001 International Lighting Technology Forum. The forum was held at the Istanbul Technical University. There were 125 generations from 31 countries or regions. Japan and Turkey have the largest number of generations, 19 in the United States; 13 in the United States; 8 in Italy and Russia; 6 in the United Kingdom and Norway; and 3 in China, including Hong Kong, attended the forum. 7. A mortal who is seated at the birth seat 1. Deputy 1 ear, monthly meeting seat 1 Zhier City 10.3 still broken Tanger Chamber of Commerce total screening 1 Xian Istanbul Industrial Minister 1 Science and Technology Forum set up a special field to invite the newspaper to be held by seven seats.

The main contents of this forum include lighting and urban beautification, exterior lighting, interior lighting, lighting and measurement, lighting and color, road lighting, and general lighting.

There were 93 academic papers presented at the conference, each 15 minutes of presentation papers, and then 5 minutes to answer questions. Japan and Turkey have the most papers, followed by Russia. China played 4 articles to suppress the damage of the eyeball crystals by the purple principle. Yang Ming, Peking University; point analysis and analysis of Shanghai traffic accident investigation data Zhang Haicong, Shanghai Lighting Research Institute; meteorological parameters related to sunlight Yan Guang Li Yanhua. Dangang City University; Hey, the chairman of the sea traffic big 7 report after the meeting. Mr. Kan was pleased to accept the invitation of the Chinese generation and will come to China this month to attend the Shanghai Night Photo Conference. He sent a congratulatory message.

At this international lighting conference, there are still some papers on overseas cooperation, and the results of joint research include Algeria and Spain, Spain and the United Kingdom, Britain and Algeria, Norway and Canada, Turkey, Japan, Japan, Finland, France and Brazil.

Yang Shiguang

Spring Terminal Block

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