An article to understand the structural characteristics and classification of transmissions

I believe that everyone has a certain understanding of the transmission. The transmission is to output different speeds under the condition of a certain speed of the engine, and can control the steering. It can output more torque at low speed, and it will have better efficiency at high speed, but the torque is lower. Therefore, when the machine is started, it should be started at a low speed, and after running, it should be switched to a high speed to maintain efficiency.

Transmission Structural Features

The simple transmission has the advantages of high efficiency, simple structure and convenient use, but it has a small number of gears and a small range of variation (small traction force and speed range). If the range of i is increased, the size of the transmission will be enlarged and the axle span will be increased. In order to increase the number of gears without making the axle span too large, a composite transmission can be used. The so-called component transmission is usually composed of two simple transmissions. The one with more gears is called the main transmission, and the less is called the auxiliary transmission.

Transmission classification

1. According to the change of the transmission ratio, the transmission can be divided into three types: stepped type, stepless type and comprehensive type.

(1) Step-by-step transmission: There are several selectable fixed transmission ratios, which are driven by gears. It can be divided into two types: ordinary gear transmissions with fixed gear axes and planetary gear transmissions with rotating axes of some gears (planetary gears).

(2) Continuously variable transmission: The transmission ratio can be continuously changed within a certain range, and the common ones are hydraulic, mechanical and electric.

(3) Integrated transmission: It is composed of a stepped transmission and a continuously variable transmission. Its transmission ratio can be continuously changed within the range of several segments between the maximum value and the minimum value.

2. According to the operation mode, the transmission can be divided into three types: forced operation, automatic operation and semi-automatic operation.

(1) Forced-operated transmission: The driver directly manipulates the shift lever to change gears.

(2) Automatically operated transmission: The selection and shifting of gear ratios are carried out automatically. The driver only needs to operate the accelerator pedal, and the transmission can control the actuator according to the load signal of the engine and the vehicle speed signal to realize the shift of gears.

(3) Semi-automatic transmission: It can be divided into two categories, one is automatic shifting of some gears, manual (mandatory) shifting of some gears; When pedaling or releasing the accelerator pedal, the gear is shifted by the actuator itself.

Transmission drive mechanism

1. Three shaft transmission

The forward gear of this type of transmission mainly consists of an input (first) shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output (second) shaft.

The three-shaft five-speed transmission has five forward gears and one reverse gear. composed of several parts.

2. Two-shaft transmission

The forward gear of this type of transmission is mainly composed of input and output shafts. Compared with the traditional three-shaft transmission, since the intermediate shaft is omitted, the power of the input shaft can be transmitted to the output shaft only through a pair of gears in the general gear, so the transmission efficiency is higher; It has to go through a pair of gear transmission, so the transmission efficiency of any one gear is not as high as that of the direct gear of the three-shaft transmission.

Transmission operating mechanism

The transmission operating mechanism allows the driver to make the transmission engage or remove a certain gear, thereby changing the working state of the transmission.

In order to ensure the reliable operation of the transmission, the transmission operating mechanism should meet the following requirements:

1. After the gear is engaged, ensure that the coupling sleeve is fully engaged with the coupling ring gear (or when the sliding gear is shifted, the entire tooth length is engaged). Under the influence of vibration and other conditions, the operating mechanism should ensure that the transmission does not automatically engage or disengage. For this purpose, a self-locking device is provided in the actuating mechanism.

2. In order to prevent the transmission from being stuck or damaged when two gears are engaged at the same time, an interlocking device is provided in the operating mechanism.

3. In order to prevent the parts from being damaged by mistakenly engaging the reverse gear when the car is moving forward, a reverse gear lock device is provided in the operating mechanism.

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